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To view and change a file or directory s permissions in Konqueror, you needto follow these steps: 1.Browse to the file or directory s location. Opening the folder that contains this item is sufficient. 2.Right-click the file or directory. A context menu appears. 3.Choose Properties from the context menu. The Properties dialog box opens with the General tab open. 4.Click the Permissions tab. The Permissions portion of the Properties dialog box appears, as shownin Figure 10-10.5.Set the new permissions and ownerships. If you want to know how file access permissions work in Linux, see thesection A Permission Primer, later in this chapter. 6.Click OK to close the dialog box. The file s permissions are now changed. Figure 10-10: Konqueror sPropertiesdialog boxwith thePermissionstabdisplayed, inSuSE 9.2.208Part III:Getting Up to Speed with Linux

Deleting files and foldersTo use Konqueror to delete either a file or a directory from the file system, follow these steps: 1.Browse to the file or directory s location. 2.Choose the file(s) or folder(s) you want to delete. You can do so by: Holding Shift down and then clicking at the end of the row orcolumn that you want to select. (These items all must be lined up straight.) Holding Ctrl down and clicking each individual item you want toselect. Clicking and dragging your mouse button so that you make a boxthat contains all the items you want to select. 3.Delete your file or folder. To do so, either: Press the Delete key and say that yes, you want to move this itemor these items to the Trash. Right-click over the item(s) and choose either Delete to perma- nently remove the file or Move To Trash to give yourself the optionto back up and pull it back out of the Trash later. Taking out the trashYou can permanently delete the contents of your Trash folder by followingthese steps: 1.Right-click the Trash icon. This action opens a shortcut menu. 2.Choose Empty Trash Bin. Linux permanently removes the items in the Trash folder. You can tellwhether your waste can is empty by looking at it. If nothing s in there, it s empty; if you see papers in it, you have files in the Trash. Viewing and changing permissionsEvery file in Linux (and other forms of Unix) has a set of permissions thatgovern who is allowed to access it, run it, delete it, and so on. These permis- sions are used to make sure that people can t mess with the system s files, or each other s, so they re pretty important. See the section A permissionsprimer, later in this chapter, for a breakdown file permissions in general. Ifocus here on how to work with them in the GUI. 207Chapter 10: Manipulating Files and Directories16_

you want to move the file, copy it, link it (see the section Understandingdirectory contents to find out more about links), or cancel and not do anything. The other method for copying and moving files and directories involves thefollowing steps: 1.Right-click the file or directory you want to copy or move. 2.In the context menu that appears, choose Copy To if you want to movethe file or Move To if you want to copy it. A new menu appears. 3.Select the folder you want to move the file. You can do so by: Navigating through the submenus until you find the location youwant and choosing Copy Here or Move Here from inside the folderyou want to use. Clicking the Browse button and using the file browser to navigate towhere you want to copy or move the file to and then clicking OK. Creating files and foldersTo create a new file or folder in Konqueror: 1.Browse to the folder you want to create the item in. 2.Right-click inside that folder. Make sure that you didn t highlight anything in there. A context menuappears. 3.Choose Create New. A submenu appears. 4.Depending on what you want to accomplish, choose either Folder orFile. These commands do the following: Folder:Creates a new folder in this directory. File:Opens the submenu that lets you choose to create a newHTML File (Web page), Link To Application (program shortcut), Link To Location (Web link), or Text File. 5.In the query dialog box, enter the name for the folder or file you recreating. 6.Click OK to finish the creation process. 206Part III:Getting Up to Speed with Linux

Opening files and running programsTo open a file or run a program in Konqueror, single or double-click it, depending on the distribution you re using and how it s set up. That s it! Well, not entirely, Konqueror itself may not support the file format. You can alsoright-click a file to open the context menu and choose Open With. From there, you can either choose one of the suggested options in the context submenu, or you can choose Other to access the Open With dialog box (Figure 10-9). Touse this dialog box: 1.Either browse in the lower section to select which program you wantto use to open this file or type the full path to the application (the fulldirectory path, like /usr/bin/konqueror) in the text box. If you need to browse the filesystem, click the little folder icon to theright of the text box to open the browser. 2.If you want to always use this application to open files of this type, check the Remember application association for this type of filecheckbox. 3.Click OK to open or run the file. Copying and moving filesYou can copy and move items using two different methods in Konqueror. Thefirst is by using the usual method you re probably familiar with clickingand grabbing a file or folder and then dragging it where you want to go. TheTree View is handy for this method because you can open up folders untilyou find the one you want to copy into and then click and drag the file orfolder into it. When you do so, a little context menu pops up asking whetherFigure 10-9: Konqueror sOpen Withdialog box inSuSE 9.2.205Chapter 10: Manipulating Files and Directories16_

Figure 10-8: Konquerorwith theFSViewPartoption indee s homedirectory inSuSE 9.2. Figure 10-7: Konquerorwith theGwenViewImageBrowserView optionin dee shomedirectory inSuSE 9.2.204Part III:Getting Up to Speed with Linux

Tree View:Shows a list of information about the file, as well as its iconand name (see Figure 10-6). You can expand each folder in this list byclicking the plus sign next to it; to collapse the list, clicking the minussign next to it. Info List View:Shows the icons and names in small list format. Detailed List View:Works like Tree View, but lacks the ability to expandand collapse directories. Text View:Works like Detailed List View but without the pretty icons. GwenView Image Browser View:Lets you use an image browser embed- ded in your file browser (Figure 10-7). If you choose this view option, usethe left hand tabs to click on the Home icon and browse to the folderyou want to view. File Size View:Shows a funky graphical representation of your filesys- tem (Figure 10-8), with directories in blue, files in brown, and programsyou can run in green. It s not available in all the distributions covered inthis book, as this feature is pretty new. When you add new files, theydon t show up unless you choose View.Reload or click the Reload icon. Along with these View menu settings, you can also use Reload:If you just created a file and don t see it in the folder, choosethis option. Show Hidden Files:All files in Linux whose names start with a dot (forexample, .profile) are hidden files, meaning that you have to explicitlytell Linux you want to see them. Specialty menus:Each view type has an additional configuration menuavailable toward the bottom of the View menu. Figure 10-6: Konquerorwith theTree Viewoption indee s homedirectory inSuSE 9.2.203Chapter 10: Manipulating Files and Directories16_

Navigating your filesystemMoving through the file system in Konqueror mostly involves being familiarwith the main row of icons beneath the top menus. These icons are, from leftto right: Up arrow:Go up a directory. For example, from /usr/binto /usr. Left arrow:Go back to the last directory you visited. Right arrow:If you went back previously, takes you to the directory youwent back from. Home:Shows the contents of your home directory. Some of the distributions, such as SuSE, offer extra shortcuts in the Go menu. To open a directory in Konqueror, locate it in the list and click or double-clickit, depending on how your system is set up to behave. (In Linspire andMandrake it s double-click, while in SuSE, it s just a single click.) The windowchanges to that folder s contents. Setting how much you see in a folderIf you want to see more or less information about each file, experiment bychoosing View.View Mode (or find the icons to the right of the Konqueroricon bar, below the menus). The major listing options in View.View Modemay include (depending on the version of Konqueror you re using): Icon View:Shows all files as icons with names beneath them (refer toFigure 10-5). It s the default option MultiColumn View:Lines your icons up in columns instead of rows. Figure 10-5: TheKonquerorfile manageropen to MyComputer inSuSE 9.2.202Part III:Getting Up to Speed with Linux

5.Set the new permissions and ownerships. See the section A permissions primer, later in this chapter, for a break- down of what all this stuff means. 6.Click Close to close the dialog box. The file s permissions are now changed. Rulin with KonquerorIn KDE (and thus Linspire, Mandrake, and SuSE), the default file manager isKonqueror, shown in Figure 10-5. You can access this program in these distri- butions by doing the following: Linspire:Double-click the My Documents icon. Mandrake:Double-click the Home icon. SuSE:Single-click the My Computer icon. Keep in mind that Konqueror looks slightly different from distribution to dis- tribution and may have different default settings as well. For example, SuSEhas a little side pane, while Linspire and Mandrake do not. You can turn theside pane on and off by pressing F9 or choosing Window.Show NavigationPanel. Figure 10-4: The Nautilusfilemanager sPropertiesdialog boxwith thePermissionstab dis- played, inFedora Core 3.201Chapter 10: Manipulating Files and Directories16_

These deleted items aren t fully deleted yet. Deleting with Nautilus puts thefiles in the Trash folder, which you can open by double-clicking the Trashicon on your desktop or choosing Places.Trash in the Nautilus window. Taking out the trashYou can permanently delete the contents of your Trash folder by followingthese steps: 1.Right-click the Trash icon. This action opens a shortcut menu with options listed. 2.Choose Empty Trash from the shortcut menu. A confirmation dialog box opens. 3.Click Empty in the confirmation dialog box to delete the contents ofthe Trash folder. Linux permanently removes the items in the Trash folder. You can tellwhether the Trash folder is by looking at the Trash waste can. If it sempty, it contains no files. If you see papers in it, it contains trash. Viewing and changing permissionsEvery file in Linux (and other forms of Unix) has a set of permissionsthatgovern who is allowed to view it, run it, delete it, and so on. These permis- sions are used to make sure that people can t mess with the system s or eachother s files, so they re pretty important. In this section, I focus on how towork with files in the GUI. See the section A permissions primer, later inthis chapter, for a breakdown of how file permissions work. To view and change a file or directory s permissions in Nautilus, you need tofollow these steps: 1.Browse to the file or directory s location. Opening the folder window that contains this item is sufficient. 2.Right-click the file or directory. A context menu appears. 3.Choose Properties from the context menu. The Properties dialog box appears with the Basic tab open. 4.Click the Permissions tab. The Permissions portion of the Properties dialog box appears, as shownin Figure 10-4.200Part III:Getting Up to Speed with Linux

If you want to move or copy the file into a folder icon, right-clickthe icon and then choose Paste Files Into Folder. Creating files and foldersTo create a new file or folder in Nautilus: 1.Browse to the folder you want to create the item in. You need to open a window for that folder and work from within thatwindow. 2.Right-click on an empty spot inside that folder. Make sure that you didn t highlight anything in the folder.) A contextmenu appears. 3.Depending on what you want to accomplish, choose either CreateFolder or Create Document. The Create Folder command creates a new folder in this directory. TheCreate Document commandopens the submenu that lets you choose tocreate either a document from a Template (top section, if you alreadyhave templates created) or an Empty File. The folder or file appears, highlighted. 4.Type the name you want to assign to this folder or file and then pressEnter. The name is assigned to the folder or file. Deleting files and foldersTo use Nautilus to delete either a file or a directory from the file system, follow these steps: 1.Browse to the file or directory s location. 2.Select the file(s) or folder(s). You can select the file or folder by doing one of the following: Clicking the item to highlight its name. Holding Shift down and then clicking at the end of the row or columnyou want to select. (These items all must be lined up straight.) Holding Ctrl down and clicking each individual item you want toselect. Clicking and dragging your mouse button so that you make a boxthat contains all the items you want to select. 3.Press the Delete key or right-click and select Move To Trash. The file or folder vanishes from view. Keep in mind that if the folder con- tains other files or folders, they go right along with it. 199Chapter 10: Manipulating Files and Directories16_